Internet protocol being a layer-3 protocol (osi) tak data segments from layer-4 (transport) and divid it into packets. Ip packet encapsulat data unit receiv from above layer and add to its own header information.
Version: version no. Of internet protocol us (e.g. Ipv4).
The encapsulat data is referr to as ip payload. Ip header contains all the necsary information to deliver the packet at the other end.
Ip header includ many relevant information including version number. Which. In this context. Is 4. Other details are as follows:
Ihl: internet header length; length of entire ip header.
It carri information about the congtion seen in the route.
Total length: length of entire ip packet (including ip header and ip payload).
Identification: if ip packet is fragment during the transmission. All the fragments contain same identification number. To identify original ip packet they belong to.
Flags: as requir by the network rourc. If ip packet is too large to handle. The ‘flags’ tells if they can be fragment or not. In this 3-bit flag. The msb is always set to ‘0’.
Fragment offset: this offset tells the exact position of the fragment in the original ip packet.
Dscp: differentiat servic code point; this is type of service.
Time to live: to avoid looping in the Germany Business Fax List network. Every packet is sent with some ttl value set. Which tells the network how many routers (hops) this packet can cross. At each hop. Its value is decrement by one and when the value reach zero. The packet is discard.
Protocol: tells the network layer at the dtination host. To which protocol this packet belongs to. I.e. The next level protocol. For example protocol number of icmp is 1. Tcp is 6 and udp is 17.
Header checksum: this field is us to keep checksum value of entire header which is then us to check if the packet is receiv error-free.
Ecn: explicit congtion notification;
32-bit addrs of the sender (or source) of the packet.
Dtination addrs: 32-bit addrs of the Belgium Business Material Fax List receiver (or dtination) of the packet.
Options: this is optional field. Which is us if the KYB Directory value of ihl is greater than 5. The options may contain valu for options such as security. Record route. Time stamp. Etc.
Internet protocol hierarchy contains several class of ip to be us efficiently in various situations as per the requirement of hosts per network. Broadly. The ipv4 system is divid into five class of ip addrs. All the five class are identifi by the first octet of ip.
Source addrs:
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